Tuesday 27 March 2018

Protection from Cyber warfare


The need for the British State to protect itself from   cyber warfare by other states and international enterprises

Information to place present developments in context.

1.    In 1984  I was  the  only local authority chief officer  (and with 10 years’ experience), one of a handful of public service senior personnel among directors of national and international producing, financial and other service corporations being considered  at the Henley Management College Senior Management course as suitable for General Management and where  afterwards I prepared a  paper on the implications of the course for Local Government which after sending to Michael Heseltine, the MP for  Henley, he wrote to say the document was being circulated in Whitehall, and where I had  correspondence from the head of human resources at the Ministry of Defence.



1.1  Three issues from that course are relevant to Inquiries presently being undertaken by Committees and individual members of the House of Commons. The first was the value of moving Headquarters to countries with stable governments who offered low corporate taxation together with the ability to trade with the least state interference. A general contempt for politicians was expressed although there appeared to be division between those who held this opinion because politicians could be bought and those because they could not.



1.2  Secondly there was advice from the European Director of an International USA based corporation on the direct employment or use of “creatives” who could achieve new high-level profit-making business units but whose activities were likely to include crossing lines in terms of state lawfulness and corporate ethical standards. It was essential to take precautions in advance to eliminate record of their involvement by the company and individual accountability for their employment or use if they crossed the line and were caught. The bigger companies, particularly world-wide companies were able to plan for this in advance and have a unit(s) with responsibility for the task of eliminate corporate involvement and individual accountability.



1.3  Thirdly the construction of the such courses was based on the psychometric testing of all senior managers, using information on their known backgrounds, both personal and occupational and which have been explained and developed by Meredith Belbin in his series of research studies and advisories.

2 Psychometric testing and analysis with its predictive potential has developed over recent decades because of our increased knowledge of how the human brain works and impacts on perception and behaviour and the work on artificial intelligence which I suggest if adapted to test tube created life forms threatens to make human beings redundant and expendable. In 1962 my psychology tutor was the head of the Department of Behavioural Science at Oxford University the creative John Beichon who took his team to the USA, became Chief Executive of Which, headed a London Polytechnic and helped the development of the Open University.

2.1 In the four hour marathon of the Digital Culture Media and sports House of Commons Select Committee on March 27th witness Christopher Wylie mentioned how the development of psychometric testing and analysis  was the basis  or a major component in the predictive work underpinning the selection of those  to  be individually targeted to achieve their involvement/participation or to turn out for a specific activity such as  voting, and he mentioned the value of the Cambridge location because of the proximity with the Cambridge Psychology Institute, its work and its professors in providing the framework to which harvested data and the digital technology would be applied.

3. Because of issues related to Brexit and more general Party politics it is possible individual politicians may not have the research sources or advisors to place the present situation the context of recent events and therefore I believe the following information may be of value and I begin with the extraordinary loss of  mass data collation in the UK which was open to data harvesting by other states and international corporations. I attach as an appendix of the BBC news report which listed the succession of data losses and included concerns in relation to security, criminals and Terrorism. This pales into insignificance given the nature and volume of confidential information taken by Edward Snowden from the USA before his flight to Russia.

4 It is also evident that the David Cameron Nick Clegg coalition government had an awareness of the implications of developments in cyber warfare when in September 2013 the Defence Secretary Philip Hammond issued press statements and announcements that as part of the MOD’s full spectrum of Defence capability the recruitment of hundreds of cyber experts and cyber reservists to help defend the UK’s national Security. Mrs May was Home Secretary at this time.

It is worrying that when the Prime Minister was asked about the cyber threat to our democratic institutions and processes during this afternoon’s Liaison Committee meeting she said she had not been made aware of any evidence to this effect

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Previous cases of missing data
Files
Blunders involving sensitive official information have hit the headlines
There has been a series of cases where confidential information has been lost or stolen.
Several laptops containing sensitive data have gone missing and files marked Top Secret have been left on a commuter train.
In one of the most high-profile cases, a private consulting firm lost a computer memory stick containing the details of tens of thousands of prisoners.
Here are other cases to emerge in the recent past:
MAY 2009: RAF PERSONNEL DATA
It emerged that data lost from RAF Innsworth in Gloucestershire the previous September included 500 highly sensitive files, containing details of individuals' extra-marital affairs, debts and drug use.
An internal MoD memo passed to the BBC warned that the material "provides excellent material for Foreign Intelligence Services and blackmailers".
On the same day, a report from the Information Commissioner told the NHS to improve its data security, after the watchdog took action against 14 NHS organisations in the last six months.
JANUARY 2009: PRISONER MEDICAL RECORDS
A health worker in Lancashire lost a memory stick containing the medical details of more than 6,000 prisoners and ex-prisoners from HMP Preston.
The data was encrypted, but the password had been written on a note which was attached to the stick when it was misplaced.
NOVEMBER 2008: GOVERNMENT COMPUTER PASSWORDS
A memory stick - holding passwords for a government computer system - was found in the car park of a pub in Staffordshire.
The Gateway website gives access to services including tax returns and child benefits. The memory stick was lost by an employee of a subcontractor called Atos Origin.
OCTOBER 2008: MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DATA
A computer hard drive containing the personal details of about 100,000 of the Armed Forces was reported missing during an audit carried out by IT contractor EDS.
It is thought to contain more than 1.5m pieces of information, possibly unencrypted, including the details of 600,000 potential recruits, a small amount of information about bank details, passport numbers, addresses, dates of birth, driving licence details and telephone numbers.
The Ministry of Defence police said it was investigating the disappearance but it is not yet known whether or not it was stolen.
SEPTEMBER 2008: JUSTICE AND RAF EMPLOYEE DETAILS
The government confirmed that a portable hard drive holding details of up to 5,000 employees of the justice system was lost in July 2007.
The details of employees of the National Offender Management Service in England and Wales, including prison staff, were lost by a private firm, EDS.
Officials only realised the data was missing in July of this year. Justice Secretary Jack Straw launched an inquiry.
Also this month, the MoD admitted that tens of thousands of personnel files had been lost from RAF Innsworth in Gloucestershire.
Hard disks containing the data, which included names, addresses and some bank account details, were taken from a secure area.
AUGUST 2008: DATA ON CRIMINALS
Home Office contractor PA Consulting admitted losing a computer memory stick containing information on all 84,000 prisoners in England and Wales.
It also held personal details of about 10,000 prolific offenders.
The Home Office suspended the transfer of all further data to the private firm pending the outcome of an investigation.
An Information Commissioner's investigation later ruled that the Home Office had broken data protection laws over the incident and must sign a formal undertaking to improve its procedures in future.
JULY 2008: MEMORY STICKS AND LAPTOPS
The Ministry of Defence confirmed that 121 computer memory sticks and more than twice as many laptops than previously thought have been lost or stolen in the past four years.
Armed Forces Minister Bob Ainsworth gave a written statement to parliament saying 121 USB memory devices had gone astray - five of which contained secret data.
And in a parliamentary written answer, Defence Secretary Des Browne said 747 laptops had been stolen - 400 more than originally reported. Of those, 32 have been recovered so far.
JUNE 2008: TERROR DOCUMENTS
A senior intelligence officer from the Cabinet Office was suspended after documents were left on the seat of commuter train from London Waterloo. A passenger later handed them to the BBC.
The seven-page file, classified as "UK Top Secret", contained a report entitled "Al-Qaeda Vulnerabilities" and an assessment of the state of Iraq's security forces.
Cabinet Minister Ed Miliband said there had been a "clear breach" of security rules, which forbid the removal of such documents from government premises.
But Mr Miliband said national security did not seem to be "at risk".
Two inquiries - one by the Cabinet Office, the other by the Metropolitan Police - have been launched.
APRIL 2008: MCDONALD'S LAPTOP
An Army captain's laptop was taken from under his chair as he ate in a McDonald's, near the Ministry of Defence's Whitehall headquarters.
The MoD said the data on the laptop was not sensitive, and was fully encrypted.
This is the latest MoD laptop theft to be made public and it came after the government tightened the rules on employees taking computers out of work.
Whitehall staff are now banned from taking unencrypted laptops or drives containing personal data outside secured office premises.
JANUARY 2008: MILITARY RECRUITS
A laptop computer belonging to a Royal Navy officer was stolen from car in Edgbaston, Birmingham.
It contained the personal details of 600,000 people who had expressed an interest in, or applied to join, the Royal Navy, Royal Marines and the RAF.
It contained data including passport numbers, National Insurance numbers and bank details.
Defence Secretary Des Browne later admitted the inquiry into the loss of the Royal Navy officer's laptop uncovered two similar thefts since 2005.
At the time, Dr Liam Fox, shadow defence secretary, said 68 MoD laptops had been stolen in 2007, 66 in 2006, 40 in 2005 and 173 in 2004.
DECEMBER 2007: DRIVING TEST CANDIDATES
The details of three million candidates for the UK driving theory test went missing in the US.
Names, addresses and phone numbers - but no financial information - were among the details stored on a computer hard drive, which belonged to a contractor working for the Driving Standards Agency.
The information was sent electronically to contractor Pearson Driving Assessments in Iowa and the hard drive was then sent to another state before being brought back to Iowa, where it went missing.
Ministers said the information had been formatted specifically to meet the security requirements of Pearson Driving Assessments and was not "readily usable or accessible" by third parties.
NOVEMBER 2007: CHILD BENEFIT RECORDS
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) lost two computer discs containing the entire child benefit records, including the personal details of 25 million people - covering 7.25 million families overall.
The two discs contained the names, addresses, dates of birth and bank account details of people who received child benefit. They also included National Insurance numbers.
They were sent via internal mail from HMRC in Washington, north-east England, to the National Audit Office in London on 18 October, by a junior official, and never arrived.
The Metropolitan Police were informed of the loss in November and extensive searches began.
In December, a reward of £20,000 was offered for the return of the two discs, but they were never recovered.
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SEE ALSO
More MoD laptop thefts revealed
21 Jan 08 |  Politics
'No cover-up' on lost driver data
18 Dec 07 |  Politics
Discs 'worth £1.5bn' to criminals
28 Nov 07 |  Politics
Second spy loses laptop
28 Mar 00 |  UK
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