I commenced to read the second part of reading the Cruel Sea by Nicholas Monsarrat on my train
journey from Newcastle to London King Cross a week ago,
dividing the three hours between the books and reading the material for P L A C
E visits. It is now Thursday 28th March 2013 and I am at Newcastle station once more on a train to
Kings Cross although I will be alighting this time at Newark Northgate spending
Easter in the Midlands and staying at the Mansfield .
In the first part of the book the reader is introduced to
the officers and some of the crew of Compass Rose, a British Royal Navy
Corvette, hurriedly designed and built for convoy escort work in the north Atlantic . We are taken through the process
of commissioning and sea trials and the escort journey as the crew discovers
the difficulty of accommodating eighty men in the cramped ship, no more than a
large trawler, as she rolled in the ocean rough with water splashing in
everywhere or condensation from the close quartering of men and supplies for
war and for body.
The only experienced officer is Ericson, the captain, with
experience of the Royal Navy and of Merchant shipping making him the ideal
individual to attempt to shepherd convoys from the prowling sea serpents in the
form of the German submarine. His home is Liverpool but he had mixed reactions on
learning that their ship was to base in the port such was his appreciation of
the demands of command in war. During the year covered by part 2 although his
sea going son was also based in the city port they were never to meet.
The bane of everyone’s life was Bennett the number 1, second
in command, just as inexperienced as the rest but gaining seniority because of
his age and the ability to project himself through the confidence of being a
former salesman. He loved tinned sausages which he selected for breakfast,
lunch or tea at least once a day. There were two subs, Lockhart who had sailed
a boat on the Solent , a free lance journalist writer who
had mixed in what he describes as a bohemian world and who had experience of
relationships with women but now knew it was wrong to engage in a new
relationship until the war ended. His views as those of the husbands and wives
who remained loyal to their partners during the long years of separation were
much more common than more recent generations.
The second sub Ferraby was a very different man
inexperienced of the sea and of life although newly married. He had jumped at
the opportunity to train as an officer but quickly found the process of giving orders
to experienced seamen as well as other novices, a challenge which he repeatedly
failed to meet to his own and the satisfaction of his colleague. As in life
outside the Services the weak have a tendency to attract the attention of the
bully and in the close confines of small ship the bullying and the exploitation
can become relentless. He had wanted to move his wife up to Liverpool but Bennett refused to pass his
request to the captain.
As in the film and radio play a fourth officer was to appear
before the departure of Bennett for a suspected duodenal ulcer. Morrell also
married, to an independently minded minor actress, Morell had the measure of
Bennett and new how to put him down without being insubordinate. It was Lockhart
who expressed concern at way Bennett treated Ferraby arguing that instead of
constantly picking on the young man words of encouragement would help to bring
confidence. Such was the
expression of dissent
that Bennett insisted on putting him on report to the Captain who tried to
defuse and then side step confrontation, supporting his deputy as the service
code dictated but refusing to go beyond a reprimand as Bennett requested.
Bennett had spent his leave picking up a woman of the night
at the hotel in which they stayed although I cannot remember if this is the
same woman who he brought to the Christmas Party before their first convoy
venture. She had his measure too. It was
also Bennett who when they returned from leave made the infamous remark about
Morell and Ferraby having left a bun in the oven which provoked gasps in the cinemas
given era when it was first released..
But the initial focus of the second part of the story was
not any of the officers but Tallow who lived with his sister Gladys at 29 Dock
Road and who the first leave when half the ships company were granted six days
he brought with him his friend Chief Watts from the engine room. Gladys had
been widowed four years previously and quickly struck a friendship with the
chief a mild mannered man who went off for a drink with her brother while she
prepared them some tea. It was a year later when the two returned from one of
many convoys that they were given shore leave along with those who had family
or loved ones after the news that Liverpool and the surrounding Merseyside had
been blitzed for more than a week and they feared the worst when the phone to
warn of their arrival was not answered. The street was badly damaged with so
many died that the Mayor and Corporation had attended the mass grave burial.
She would have known and felt nothing was the attempt to soften the horror of
what had happened.
There was irony for these men had by then become accustomed
to the prospect of being sunk once the fall of France had occurred and the German Navy
was able to use French Dutch and Belgium ports for its submarines and its
fighter escorts were also based along coastal airfields. There had been no meeting
the enemy on those first convoys and no convoy ships sunk only finding that the
corvette rolled its innards out when the water was rough and they were more
often than not. Then the first ships was lost and less than a third of its crew
survived and by the time of the second year they were losing up to a third of a
convoy as the submarines commenced to hunt in packs. They became sued to sending
out a boat to pick up the survivors while they went in vain search of the
submarine before returning for the boat and then to bury those who did not
survive and were recovered. Sometimes a ship would just exploded or split in
two before sinking within seconds and as the author comments men learned
quickly how to die without making a fuss.
This will have been true for some, but only some I suspect a comfort for
families and loved ones left behind, as with Gladys someone on hand to declare
she did not know anything, she did not therefore suffer
They all learned how to cope with the four hours on and then
off, barely sleeping but knowing that when on duty they were required to
function at their best, especially in storms when the convoy was dispersed on
fogs when there was risk of collision so the normal zig zag pattern had to be abandoned.
It was Bennett who was found out, eventually, and who got himself out of the
service. He managed to spend most of his
Watch hiding from wind and the cold checking on the asdic or using some other
excuse and delegation to others as a means of escaping the elements
His departure had a bonus for Lockhart who was made up to Number
1 as they had to depart before a replacement could be found. He had already
been promoted to Lieutenant on Ericson’s recommendation so after assuring the
captain he could cope and doing well on the first convoy in the new role, the
appointment was confirmed.
We also learned of the problems which Morell was to
encounter when he returned home to find that his wife had carried on leading
the same social life as hen he had been with her before enlistment. He wanted to
spend time with her quietly recovering at home but she wanted to be out eating,
and partying on every night. She seemed to know people mainly men everywhere
they went and one telephoned to enquire if she would soon bring her great body
to wherever he was. An instead of showing any interest in what his experience
was like she only commented that he had only one stripe and not three.
Worse was to come for Morell during the long leave while the
ship underwent a major refit but before then we learned another lesson of war.
This concerns another crew member, Able Seaman Gregg, who failed to report for
duty having gone ashore during a period of leave before their first convoy of
1941. There was surprise at his failure because he was considered a dependable
crew member and that he had missed his ship entirely when on active duty was a
very serious charge. That he offered no explanation but was prepared to take
whatever punishment the captain ordered was something that neither the Captain
or Lockhart was prepared to accept without making some effort to establish the
cause.
His story and that of Morell was to become one familiar
during the war, of those who when parted from their loved ones for any length
of time find it difficult to resist the opportunity of a relationship should
such a circumstance arise, and there have and are likely to always remain men
willing to approach a woman even though she wears a wedding ring who he
fancies. Admittedly there are also some women, more now than then who do not
need much persuasion whether their partner is long away or not should
opportunity come their way, but in general it is some men, not all who are on the
constant look out for an opportunity.
In this first instance Gregg returned home early to discover
a vehicle outside his home and the lights on upstairs. There was an attempt on
the part of the couple to bluff their way out of the situation and then remorse
and promises which might have been sufficient for the man to have returned to
sea, but before he was due his wife disappeared and he went in search only to
eventually find her abandoned once a pregnancy was established, and so being
dependable he had agreed to take the woman back and make the child his. His
reason for silence had been the wish that nothing of the circumstances would
get the other ratings which would normally have proved the situation if
recounted during the official hearing before the captain. Because the captain
arranged for Lockhart to question in private it was possible to conduct the
official hearing in such away that these details were not exposed and for the
captain to order a punishment which void custody. This was not to prove a
blessing in disguise.
But as I say he was not alone among the ship’s company as I
have already hinted that the actress wife of Morell did not restrict her active
social life while he was away or when he returned. But it was only on the long
period ashore during the full refit and she had gained a part in along running
production in the Westend, and she made excuses why she had to go off for some
evening meal or to some party without him as a means of securing her acting
future and the ardour of her passion disappeared that the dark thoughts arose
and lingered.
And then the reality, the horror, the full nature of the war
hit them. The hunting packs of submarines grew larger and the number of sinking
increased despite the gaining greater Navy support for the convoys they now
went to meet off Gibraltar . First their sister Corvette,
which had travelled with them from the beginning, The Sorrel had gone with only
a handful of survivors including the Captain fund on the raft nestling a dead
rating who he had attempt to help survive the night before the rescue party
arrived.
And then there was what was to become their second or third
darkest moment of the war although when it happened for the captain in
particular and also for Lockhart who as number 1 became responsible for the
Asdic and advising on the nature of object thrown up on the screen. It was when
they were going to rescue men from sunk cargo vessel that Lockhart was certain
there was a submarine below and Lockhart the Captain made the decision to drop
the depth charges only for their to be no sign of the enemy afterwards, only
the dead of their own. Afterwards two of the previously rescued captains, tried
to bring comfort but for Ericson the war had changed and that Lockhart said his
was the greater responsibility failed to help. They had done what had to be
done and for them there was not even the knowledge that they had saved
countless others by getting the submarine.
But worse was to come when the ship with a party of wrens
some 20 who they had seen taking air on deck was sunk but worse still was when
those rescued were also killed when their second ship went down.
Then their engine had to be repaired to avoid a complete
breakdown and they sat motionless and alone listening to hammering as they felt
sure would any submarine coming their way. Then as they strove to catch up the
convoy they spotted something on the radar and as they approached the coning
tower of an enemy submarine could be seen trailing the convoy and waiting for
the night to attack. They had manage to fire couple of shots before the sub
dived but they were quickly upon it with depth charges as the pinging grew
louder and quicker. They watched as the
U boat rose to the surface and there was an element of surprise when someone
fire back at them from the machine gun so their two pounder was then even
quicker in its response. They watched as the U boat crew swam towards them, their
craft doomed.
The German captain was held separate in Erickson’s cabin and
was none to please by the greeting of Heil Hitler saying he had been taken by
surprise and by implication that Ericson’s tactics had been somehow unfair.
Ericson warned the guard that the prisoner was dangerous and that if he made
any move to shoot him. After burying the one man of their crew killed by the
machine gun and one of the German who had also not survived Erickson commented
of he enemy that they looked a scruffy lot and said to Lockhart, I think we
ought to win the war, don’t you?”
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